The study examines the relationship between internal change, corruption, decadence, arrogance, injustice, and civilizational replacement, viewing them as interconnected links within a Qur'anic law that explains the collapse of civilizations from within, prior to their defeat from without.
The study employs a thematic exegetical approach and an analysis of historical laws (sunan), drawing upon the writings of the martyr Sayyid Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr regarding historical laws and the inner human dimension; Allameh Tabataba'i’s interpretation of the relationship between actions and events; and Sheikh Mohsen Araki’s exposition of Qur'anic social laws. It also incorporates civilizational insights from Ibn Khaldun, Malek Bennabi, and Abdelwahab El-Messiri. The study concludes that civilizational decline begins with an internal shift in the human psyche and a disruption of the value system; this subsequently manifests as corruption, decadence, arrogance, and injustice, ultimately culminating in civilizational replacement and the nation’s loss of its role in the course of history.
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